Beginnings: BAMBI Meets GODZILLA

Okay, I mentioned yesterday that two goals for your beginning are to get attention and create pathos. One way to do that is a technique I call "Bambi Meets Godzilla." Watch the video first, then read below it:

The technique is simple enough--create a pleasant mood, and then SQUASH IT! Look how Dudley Clendinen accomplishes it in the beginning of "The Good Short Life":

I have wonderful friends. In this last year, one took me to Istanbul. One gave me a box of handcrafted chocolates. Fifteen of them held two rousing, pre-posthumous wakes for me. Several wrote large checks. Two sent me a boxed set of all the Bach sacred cantatas. And one, from Texas, put a hand on my thinning shoulder, and appeared to study the ground where we were standing. He had flown in to see me.

"We need to go buy a pistol, don't we?" he asked quietly. He meant to shoot myself with.

"Yes, Sweet Thing," I said with a smile. "We do."

I loved him for that.

See what I mean? Slow and peaceful, then hit 'em hard! Give it a try for your next opening and let me know the result...

BEGINNINGS? Get PATtention!

So often, when studying short fiction, we've been taught that "ski slope" diagram by English teachers--you know, the one that begins with "character" and "setting" at the beginning, peaks with "climax," and ends with "resolution." Trouble is, we haven't always been taught how to WRITE an effective opening, middle, or ending. Today, let's focus on BEGINNINGS...

In my mind, an effective opening accomplishes two tasks:

1. It gets ATTENTION.
2. It creates PATHOS.

Getting attention is critical. If you don't attract the eye of the reader, the page is flipped quickly to someone who DOES accomplish that.

Pathos is the feeling the reader has for a character. It's important that the writer makes the reader care about the character BEFORE the conflict. Otherwise, if readers don't sympathize with the character, they won't care what happens to that character. Let's look at a few examples:

Opening paragraph from "YOU OWE ME," by Miah Arnold:

The children I write with die, no matter how much I love them, no matter how creative they are, no matter how many poems they have written or how much they want to live. They die of diseases with unpronouncable names, of rhabdomyosarcoma or pilocytic astrocytoma, of cancers rarely heard of in the world at large, of cancers that are often cured once, but then turn up again somewhere else: in their lungs, their stomachs, their sinuses, their bones, their brains. While undergoing their own treatments, my students watch one friend after another lose legs, cough up blood, and enter a hospital room they never come out of again.

Opening paragraph from "HOUSEWIFELY ARTS," by Megan Mayhew Bergman:

I am my own housewife, my own breadwinner. I make lunches and change light bulbs. I kiss bruises and kill copperheads from the backyard creek with a steel hoe. I change sheets and the oil in my car. I can make a pie crust and exterminate humpback crickets in the crawlspace with a homemade glue board, though not at the same time. I like to compliment myself on these things, because there's no one else around to do it.

The two stories above get our attention and make us care about the main character. The first, a nonfiction personal essay, begins with children who have terminal cases of cancer AND the writer whose job it is to work with them, seeing child after child die. We end up caring about the children AND the writer. The second, a short story, has a very strong character we admire--one who seems to be able to do almost anything on her own--but we care because of a few of the words that opening ends with: "there's no one else around." We WANT this person to find someone to love (cue the Queen music now:"Find me somebody to love...").

Want to create an effective opening? Get ATTENTION and create PATHOS. Put them together and what do you get? Get PATTENTION!

September 11th, 2012: HOW TO FRAME A STORY

Basically, with any narrative, there are three general sections to consider: B M E.

BEGINNING

In the beginning, your job is to first of all get the attention of the readers so they want to read on. Now, if you're a famous writer who is well known, you may be able to cheat and put in more development or backstory at the beginning; your readers will be patient because you are who you are. For the rest of us, we're not allowed that luxury.

Even in the blog post comments on September 5th, look at how many people were led to read the selections they chose because of a title or a first line. Never overlook the importance of those two elements.

We also have to meet the characters (especially the main character) and get to know them a bit early on. Otherwise, if we don't care about the character (PATHOS), it doesn't matter what happens in the rest of the story. Try to get us cheering for the main character so that when bad things happen (CONFLICT), we'll care.

MIDDLE

In the middle, we get the conflict--mental, psychological, emotional, spiritual, physical, or a combination of those. Also, the conflict SHOULD get worse in some way, meaning that it's rare for an author to begin with the worst possible conflict. Throw your character into trouble, then deeper trouble, and maybe even...well, you get the idea. The middle is like the introduction of the "villain," whoever or whatever that may be.

END

Now, I know what most English teachers will say here. Have an ending that ties up all loose ends. Unfortunately, in quite a bit of short fiction today, that just doesn't happen. In many cases, if the piece of writing is "character fiction," focused on a person's growth and change, there may be MUCH left up to the readers' imaginations at the end of the tale. What I would say is that it's important to leave off at a scene that makes sense. If stopping there will make your readers stop and pause and think about what comes next, it may make sense. If you'd like to tie up all the loose ends in a surprising way that makes sense when the readers look back to earlier parts of the story, go for it. The main point to keep in mind is not to have a "convenient" ending. In reality, our enemies never get struck by lightning or a car (ok, I know of one freaky story where the car thing happened, but still), and nobody loves reading through thousands of words to discover "IT WAS ALL A DREAM!"

Inner Circle:

Today, we're actually dissecting some technique in Kate Cayley's short story, "The Summer the Neighbours were Nazis" (issue 122 of the new quarterly). Think of how she creates empathy for Richard and how she slowly slides in details about the narrator, his younger sister. How does she create the mystery within her story to hook you, and then how does she finish it off in an unexpected way? What were the clues along the way that were inserted so that the ending would make sense? Which objects became important symbols by the end of the story? Which visual descriptions stick in your mind the most? Then,

• Choose a character of your own that readers would empathize with.
• Select at least one object that is going to be significant in some way in your story. Have it appear near the beginning of your story, and come back to it a few times, or at least at the end, where it takes on added meaning.
• Create a compelling title and first line.
• Think about the kind(s) of conflict your character would struggle the most with, and put him or her in trouble, then more trouble.
• Choose the kind of ending you're going for...one that ties up loose ends, or an indeterminate one, but HAVE A REASON for ending it where you end it.

For this first piece of short fiction, don't worry about word count. Write the story you want to write, and see what you can do with it!

SEPTEMBER 7th: SCALES? FOR WRITERS?

Musicians and singers know scales...very, very well. When they play or sing the scales, it's a way of warming up, of getting in touch with a process that is familiar, one they're likely fairly confident with.

Well, writers need scales too. Some call them story starters or sparkers, but really almost ANYTHING can become the start of something penned on the page. There are MANY books out there that contain these starters, and what I've found is that often, if you begin by writing what they give you first, it gets your pen moving (try to do these pen and paper, please). Once the pen is moving, it has a way of continuing, and before you know it, a page or more is filled with ideas.

For the INNER CIRCLE:

In your BOUND JOURNAL, try one of the following two starters or scales. Give yourself at least ten minutes to explore the idea.

The first comes from a book called The Pocket Muse, by Monica Wood:

 

I could have avoided all that trouble if only I'd remembered to...

 

 

The second comes from a book called The 4 A.M. Breakthrough, by Brian Kiteley:

 

 





 

ADDICTED TO LOVE. Write a short piece of fiction in which the central character is addicted to love--but not necessarily addicted to sex. This character seeks a new conquest with some regularity not because she wants the experience of new lust, but because she wants to feel the early stages of love again.